1424 AIOU Solved Assignment 2 Spring 2019

AIOU Solved Assignments 2019

Course: Compulsory English-II (1424)

Level: BA   

Semester: Spring, 2019

ASSIGNMENT No: 2

(Units 5-9)

Total Marks: 100    Pass Marks: 40

The following questions are based on Unit – 5. Read the unit carefully and answer the questions/solve the  exercises given below.

Q.1    Read about ‘Compare and Contrast’ on Pages 147-148.
You should also have read about a brief comparison and
contrast between Abu Dhabi and Ajman given on Page 149.
    Now, keeping in mind two Pakistani cities Rawalpindi and
Islamabad, answer the following questions:      

1. 
   How both of the cities are similar (provide a comparison between Rawalpindi and Islamabad)?

   How both of the cities are different (provide a contrast between Rawalpindi and Islamabad)? 

   
   Each of the above answer should be in a paragraph shape and appropriate transition

2. words should be used for showing the relationships of the cities. 

The following questions are based on Unit – 6. Read the unit carefully and answer the questions/solve the  exercises given below.

Ans:

The Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is Pakistan's third most populous metropolitan area. It consists principally of the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, along with smaller towns such as Murree, Wah Cantonment, Taxila, Gujar Khan, Golra Sharif, and several gated suburbs including Bahria Town and DHA Islamabad.

The metro area is connected by a network of highways with the rest of the country.within

 the Islamabad highway and Kashmir high way provide the primary link between Islamabad and Rawalpindi.

Q.2    Read about ‘Academic Reading’ on Pages 183-185.
Now briefly EXPLAIN the following terms(in your own words)
with appropriate examples:   

   

1. Reading
2. Skimming
3. Scanning
4. Reading technique

1. a-Reading

1.  Reading is an active process of constructing meanings of words. Reading with a purpose
   helps the reader to direct information towards a goal and focuses their attention. Although
   the reasons for reading may vary, the primary purpose of reading is to understand the text.
   Reading is a thinking process. It allows the reader to use what he or she may already know,
   also called prior knowledge. During this processing of information, the reader uses strategies
    to understand what they are reading, uses themes to organize ideas, and uses textual clues to
   find the meanings of new words. Each of the three components of reading is equally important.
    Let's take a look at the components
   Reading is defined as a cognitive process that involves decoding symbols to arrive at meaning.
   examples of comprehension skills that can be taught and applied to all reading is
   equally important.lets take a look at the components.
   Guessing meaning
   • Summarizing. • Sequencing.
   • Inferencing.
   • Comparing and contrasting.
   • Drawing conclusions.
   • Self-questioning.

•                        Problem-solving.
           • Relating background knowledge.

b.          b. Skimming

         Skimming is reading a text quickly to get a general idea of meaning. It can be contrasted with scanning,      which is reading in order to find specific information, e.g. figures or names.
Example
A learner taking a reading exam decides to approach text by looking at the title, introductions, and any diagrams and sub-headings, then skim reading to get a clear general idea or what the text is about.
Skimming is a specific reading skill which is common in reading newspapers, messages and e-mails. It is important that learners understand that there is no need to read every word when skimming, so

          c.Reading technique 

           Reading is a method of communication that enables a person to turn writing into meaning.
It allows the reader to convert a written text into a meaningful language with independence,
comprehension, and fluency, and to interact with the message.
Reading Techniques or Styles are the following:
1. S
1-scanning.

2. Skimming.

3. Active Reading.

4. Detailed.

5-speed

6-Preposition,structure,evaluation

Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review.

     e  d.Guessing meaning

          Although the skill of guessing word meanings from context is widely acknowledged as
               a useful
         skill there has been little research in this area and very little useful guidance for teachers or learners. This article describes a strategy for guessing meanings from context and suggests ways of practising this strategy. 

           The strategy involves four steps:

           1- determining the part of speech of the word; 

           2- looking at the immediate grammar; 

           3- studying the wider context (usually the conjunction relationships); 

           4-guessing the word and checking the guess. 

          A basic list of conjunction relationships is given in the Appendix. The previous research, and value
          and application of the skill are discussed and suggestions are made for future studies. 

Q.3   Keeping in mind the pre-reading activities given in the unit,
complete Exercise 8 (given on Page 198).  

Look at the picture carefully and WRITE down a paragraph
of about 100 words predicting and guessing about the background
of the picture.        

The following questions are based on Unit – 7. Read the unit carefully and answer the questions/solve the exercises given below.

Ans: 

Wagah, a village situated on the Grand Trunk Road between Amritsar of India and Lahore in Pakistan. The Wagah border is situated at a distance of 29 kms. from Lahore (Pakistan) and 27 kms. from Amritsar (India). Radcliffe Line which had been drawn during 1947, Split one country into two parts. Radcliffe Line passes through the village Wagah on the Indian side. Wagah border is the crucial point between India and Pakistan and is open for tourists on a regular basis.

Q.4    Read about ‘Implied Meaning and Making Inferences’
on Pages 217-228. Now briefly EXPLAIN the following
terms (in your own words) with appropriate examples:     

   

1. Implied meaning
2. Making inferences
3. Denotation
4. Connotation
   Ans: 

a- Implied meaning

Imply means to express, suggest, or show something without stating it directly: A friend's gruff
manner would imply that she's in a foul mood.
the verb imply comes from a Latin word meaning "enfold or entangle" but has come to mean 

"to hint at." Youmight imply something that you don't want to outright say if you're
 feeling copy. if you don't call someone bayou don't want to chat. 

b- Making inferences 

making an inference involves using what you know to make a guess about what you don't know 
or reading between the lines. Readers who make inferences use the clues in the text along with 
their own experiences to help them figure out what is not directly said, making the text personal
Helping students make texts memorable will help them gain more personal pleasure from
 reading,
read the text more critically, and remember and apply what they have read.

c. Denotation and memorable            

 Denotation is the literal meaning, or "dictionary definition," of a word. Denotation
is defined  in   contrast to connotation, which is the array of emotions and ideas.
suggested by a word in addition to its dictionary definition. The words "house" and
 "home," for example, have the same denotation—a building where people live—
but the word "home" has a connotation of warmth and family, while the word "house"
 does not. A word's denotation does not include any of the subjective or emotional
 associations that are part of that word's connotation.
d-Connotation
Connotation refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it
describes explicitly.
Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings, in addition to their literal
meanings or denotations

Q.5    Go to Exercise 5 on Page 232 and carefully READ
the two situations given there. Now complete the exercise
by answering the two questions: 

1. Why students reacted in this manner (Situation 1)?

   Why the colleagues wrote this type of notice (Situation 2)?

   The following questions are based on Unit – 8. Read the unit carefully and answer the  questions/solve  the exercises given below.

Ans:

1. Why students reacted in this manner (Situation 1)? 
   A disrespectful student can get under a teacher's skin like almost nothing else.
   when confronted with disrespect,it's easy to take it personally.This is a normal reaction from
   a passionate teacher.But it’s a colossal mistake. Because when you take behavior personally,
   you’re likely to react in ways that make managing that student’s behavior much more difficult.
   b. Why the colleagues wrote this type of notice (Situation 2)7 The workplace can be 
   dangerous, even more so in an industrial environment.
    Numerous factors can cause accidents, ranging from overexertion to mishandling of
   hazardous materials.
   There are also a multitude of variables that can contribute to or influence a workplace incident.

Q.6    Read about ‘Denotation and Connotation’ on P
ages 249-260. Now carefully READ the text titled as

‘Life in the Indus Valley’ on Pages 238-243 and take out the words which have either

NEGATIVE or POSITIVE connotation. (15)

     Ans:       

           Positive                                            Negative

                                                               Slowest                                        

    prosperous                                            flat

    fertile

                                                                 rumbing

Q.7    Keeping in mind the definitions of ‘Denotation’ and
‘Connotation’, COMPLETE Exercise 2 (given on Pages 262)
by numbering the words. Follow the examples given.  

The following questions are based on Unit – 9. Read the unit carefully and answer the questions/solve the  exercises given below.

  Ans: 1- Gase look stare watch ogle Gape glance

stare gaze glance look leer stare 

2- uprising riot demonstration Gathering protest disturbance 

3- mob Guerilla freedom fighter mercenary soldier terrorist revolutionary

freely kick bomb freedom.

Q.8  Which English newspaper is your favorite? What benefits

do you think you are getting out of reading it on a daily basis? 

Ans:

I cannot begin my day unless I read The pakistan time. It adds to the relish of my morning tea 'The Nation: ' is my most favorite newspaper.
It satisfies the reading taste of all. At a low cost it gives ample of variety of reading matter to the readers. It gives the latest news from at over the globe. It depicts a detail, clear picture of current wan in Pakistan as well as in the other comers of the world, A glance over its columns keeps the readers in touch with happening in every fields from politics and commerce to art and literature. From these one feels the pulse of the nations on the globe. This newspaper is the mirror of public opinions.
The Benefits of Reading Newspapers 
Reading newspaper is a good habit that can provide a great sense of educational value. It carries information about politics, economy, entertainment, sports, business, industry, trade and commerce. With this habit, it will not only enhance your knowledge about general information but it will likewise improve your language skills and vocabulary.
• Newspapers carry the news of the world.
• Newspapers provide information and general knowledge.
• Newspapers provide news about a country’s economic situation, sports, games, entertainment, trade and commerce.
• Reading newspaper makes a good habit and it is already part of the modem life. This habit will widen your outlook and will enrich your knowledge.
• Reading newspaper makes you well informed. It enables you to take part in every discussion pertaining to the world’s current events.
• Reading newspapers will improve your knowledge in general and it will be easy for you to relate to other people who often talks about current events and politics.
• Through newspapers, you will have a clear idea and understanding of what is happening in your country and the whole world.
  

 Q.9    Which page of your favorite newspaper you like the most?

Why?   

Ans: 

My Favorite Page in Newspaper is the Observer because I  love their content. A 'observer' is a recurring piece or article of newspaper, magazine or other publication, in which columns section is y favorite a writer expresses their own opinion in few columns allotted to them by the newspaper organization. Columns arc written by columnists.
                        What differentiates a column from other forms of journalism is that it is a regular feature in a publication - written by the same writer or reporter and usually on the same subject area or theme each time and that it typically, but universally, contains the author's opinion or point of view.
Some types of newspaper columns are:
>Advice column >Community correspondent
>Critic's reviews >Editorial opinion
>Exchange column >Fashion column
>Features column >Food column >Gossip column
>Humor column or causerie >Sports column >opinion column

The End

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